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Friday, 1 November 2013

10 CREEPILY IRONIC HISTORICAL DEATHS


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10 Creepily Ironic Historical Deaths
By Pauli Poisuo,
Listverse, 1 November 2013.

Death is always a tragedy. However, sometimes it takes forms that defy all reason and rhyme. Some poor people find themselves leaving the mortal coil in a manner so insanely ironic and absurd, even Hollywood screenwriters would call it unbelievable.

These are their stories.

10. John Horrocks

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As a pioneer and explorer of 19th-century Australia, John Horrocks always ran a fair risk of getting killed by a wild animal. Ultimately, that was indeed the hand fate dealt him. However, he wasn’t bitten by a spider, stung by a medusa, eaten by a shark or even kicked by a kangaroo. In fact, he didn’t get killed by any of the thousands of lethal creatures Australia has to offer.

He was shot to death...by a camel.

Horrocks was a camel enthusiast and was keen to introduce the animals to Australia, as he felt they would do well there. This mission came to an an abrupt end, as one day his foul-tempered expedition camel managed to shift its weight so that pack it was carrying caught Horrocks’ weapon, causing it to go off. Sadly, Horrocks was loading the gun at the moment, so the shot took off a few of his fingers before moving on to his face.

John Horrocks died of his injuries, but not before giving orders for the camel to be shot as well. This means that the first and only camel/human gunfight in history technically ended in a draw.

9. Jimi Heseiden

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Segways are the (in)famous self-balancing electric scooters that are steered by tilting your weight. Although they may appear an affront to nature, the company that makes them insists they’re an extremely easy to use and the “green future” of commuting.

However, the ease of their use and their validity as a vehicle took a bump in 2010, when Jimi Heseiden, the owner of the company, was testing a new Segway model on his grounds. He promptly lost control of the vehicle in the most ridiculous manner possible: Somehow, he managed to drive straight off a cliff and into the river below.

He was pronounced dead on the scene.

8. David Grundman

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David Grundman had two things: A shotgun and a massive need to shoot at things. So one day in 1982, David drove into the desert with his friend, in order to go nuts with his weapon. He opened fire at some small saguaro cacti (large, vaguely man-shaped cactus plants), obliterating them with his shotgun shells. However, destroying small saguaros was way too easy: He needed a bigger, more powerful target.

So Grundman focused his attention on a huge, 26-foot (7.92 meter) saguaro they found nearby. He opened fire at it, and with just one shot managed to blast off a whole, massive chunk of the plant’s “arm.” Some accounts report he even started shouting “Timber!” as the cactus fell, although he only got as far as “Tim–” before he was interrupted.

In an impressively instant case of revenge on the part of mother nature, the wounded cactus fell directly on Grundman and crushed him to death.

7. Pietro Aretino

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Pietro Aretino was an unrelenting Venetian 16th Century satirist, notable for his saucy humour aimed at the aristocrats. As such, it’s only fitting that this famous humourist's death was brought on by a dirty joke.

Aretino was never one to shy away from a naughty story. One day, he was told a particularly dirty one about his (possibly imaginary) sisters and the brothel they worked in. Instead of getting offended, Aretino found this hilarious. He laughed and laughed and laughed - until he collapsed backwards in his chair, dying as he hit the ground. He literally laughed himself to death.

6. Basil Brown

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Most people who pay attention to their diet are likely to live longer than those who eat lard at every meal. However, Basil Brown was not most people. He was a die-hard health advocate - literally.

In 1974, Mr. Brown managed to drink himself to death with one of the healthiest imaginable drinks in existence: Carrot juice. The problem was that he was drinking way too much of it: a gallon each day, for 10 days. However, despite warnings, he didn’t realize that too much of a good thing can become very bad indeed: The massive dose gave him a severe vitamin A poisoning, a bright yellow skin and a completely ruined liver. He ended up getting killed by his “healthy” obsession.

5. Nitaro Ito

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In 1979, Nitaro Ito was a political hopeful vying for a seat at the Japanese House of Representatives. Ito wasn’t happy with how his campaign was going, so he decided it was time for drastic action: In an effort to gain some sympathy votes, he decided to stage an attack against himself. After all, what would be the better way to get the public’s attention than to be hospitalized in an attack by a mysterious enemy wielding a knife?

Ito couldn’t trust anyone with the “attack,” so he decided to stage the stabbing himself. Sadly, he was not too handy with a knife: He managed to hit his own thigh artery and ended up bleeding to death.

4. Zishe Breitbart

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According to many, Siegmund “Zishe” Breitbart was the strongest man of his time. A 20th century strongman, Zishe was a hit on the circus circuit and even appeared in movies to show his incredible feats of strength. He could hammer huge nails into planks with his bare hands and bend iron bars like they were candy. He could even lift baby elephants - while climbing a ladder and supporting three men in a locomotive wheel by a rope in his teeth. He was the closest thing there was to Superman.

That is, until one day in 1925, when a nail scratched his knee during a routine performance. This seemingly laughable injury gave the invincible strongman blood poisoning and killed him.

3. James Otis Jr.

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James Otis Jr. was a famed American Revolutionary and a political force to be reckoned with: He invented the famous phrase “Taxation without representation is tyranny,” which became one of the rallying cries of the revolutionaries. At his peak (before an unfortunate head injury sent him to sidelines), Otis Jr. was a solid, level-headed man except for one thing: He had a peculiar tendency to insist that he would like to be killed by a bolt of lightning. He repeated this so often to many friends and relatives that it became something of a meme.

Apparently, some thunderbolt-throwing entity had been paying attention to his words. On May 23, 1783, it is said James Otis Jr. was standing in a doorway of a friend’s house when a lightning suddenly struck the chimney, killing him instantly without leaving a mark. Strangely, no one else was harmed and no further lightning bolts - or, for that matter, thunderclouds - were seen.

2. Governor Morris

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Governor Morris, a revered American legislator, was a no-nonsense kind of guy. Nowhere was this more evident than in the events that led to his death. When he was experiencing a urinary blockage, he didn’t trust the doctors to take care of the situation. Instead, he decided to settle the matter himself. Sadly, he was far better at determination than doctoring.

His solution to the problem was extreme, to say the least: He stuck a piece of whalebone up his urinary tract and wiggle it around in an effort to remove the blockage. This cringe-inducing procedure failed to do anything to heal him - instead, it caused enough damage to kill him.

1. Arrhichion

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In 564 BC, Arrichion the Wrestler became the only person to win the Olympic gold by dying. Arrichion was a superstar of his age, a nigh-unbeatable wrestling god who went from victory to victory. But one day in the Olympic finals, he finally met his match.

Arrichion found himself caught in a deadly ladder hold, a choke move that completely prevented him from breathing. He was out of options: If he wouldn’t submit, he’d asphyxiate. Clearly, the only reasonable thing to do was to submit and suffer a loss.

However, Arrichion opted for the unreasonable and, in fact, unbelievable. Inspired by the shouts of his coach (who probably didn’t realize how dire the situation was), the wrestler rolled into an even more painful position, thus gaining access to the opponent’s foot. This brave move ended up killing him, but he was able to twist the other wrestler’s foot so painfully that he submitted at the exact same moment Arrichion’s life left him.

Arrichion had won the Olympic gold, and all it cost him was his life.

+ Draco The Greek

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Draco was one of the earliest notable Greek politicians. He was a very popular lawmaker and a powerful orator Sadly, history books say that his popularity ended up causing his untimely death.

Draco was so loved that when the people saw him, he was pelted with hats and cloaks in a display of honour. Sadly, one particular body of people that chose to give him such honour was very large and had an extremely good aim. Draco was smothered to death under the massive pile of cloaks.

[Source: Listverse. Edited. Some links added.]


8 OF THE MOST SCENIC TRAIN ROUTES


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8 of the Most Scenic Train Routes
By Kaushik,
Amusing Planet, 31 October 2013.

In this day and age, the act of traveling is really considered more of a means than an end. However, something is lost when we look at it this way; after all, the world is full of beautiful scenery that goes wholly unnoticed when you're flying above it at 10,000 or more feet. While trains might not be the fastest or most comfortable ways to travel across the country, they're the perfect way of really getting to see some of the most beautiful scenery the globe has to offer.

Although our fast paced, "no-time-for-frills" culture encourages us to pass these things over in favour of more "productive" pursuits, there are nonetheless some incredible train journeys where the experience itself will make your destination seem irrelevant. With that being said, here are eight of the most scenic train journeys you could possibly take.

1. Rocky Mountaineer

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This scenic train route, which takes you from Vancouver to Calgary [Canada], is a growing tourist tradition. This service carried only 10,000 passengers in 1990 and now carries over 100,000 per year. Through the first passage to the West, Vancouver, you will see Castle Mountain, the continental divide, Stony Creek Bridge and the station at Lake Louise. Of note, you'll also see canyons, mountains, and glacial lakes. If you choose to take the special Gold Leaf Service, you will experience all of these magnificent views through a glass dome as a cover of the train. This all around view will include reclining chairs, a restaurant and complementary drinks. Well worth the extra fair. [Rocky Mountaineer website]

2. The Ghan

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The Ghan has been traveling through Australia for over 80 years. This line brings you from Adelaide through Red Centre, and up to the Top End, then finishes in Darwin, which is the capital of the Northern Territory. For three days and two nights you will experience astonishing views. During the trip there is a stop in the town of Alice Springs where you can take the day to enjoy history and take in the natural beauty. [The Ghan website]

3. The Bernina Express

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This ride will take you from St. Mortiz in Switzerland to Tirano, Italy in 2 and a half hours. The scary thing about this ride is that the whole path was built without rack rails or cables. You will enjoy the view over 196 timeless bridges and 55 tunnels. The carriage is open-air, so it's perfect for a quick Spring ride. [Bernina Express website]

4. Conway Scenic Railroad

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This scenic route makes use of what used to be the Maine Central Railroad's Mountain Division Line. The tracks were laid in 1870. You'll see steep ravines, brooks and streams, lush forests, mountains, and more. It's a five hour ride to Crawford Station. The Notch Train is a vintage cart which offers a wonderful scenic view from a domed coach. The most popular season for this route is during early foliage season, especially for the dining excursions. [Conway Scenic Railroad website]

5. Alaska Railroad

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This train trip, which lasts a staggering six days, shows you Alaska's most scenic sights. It runs through both Denali and Kenai Fjords National Parks. You'll see the mountains, forest, and coastline, as well as Mount McKinley, which is Alaska's tallest mountain. There are multiple stops along the way so passengers can take part of various activities, such as rafting among icebergs, hiking in Denali, or cruising through Kenai Fjords with the whales. [Alaska Railroad website]

6. Glacier Express

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This eight hour ride runs only one way - from Zermatt to St. Moritz [Switzerland], which is 180 miles away. You'll go through 91 tunnels and over more than 250 bridges. The entire time, you'll be at an altitude of over 5,000 feet. This train is not necessarily an “express” route; it is one of the slowest express trains in the world therefore allowing you to take in the unbelievable views you pass through. There's also a pretty amazing dining car, where you can enjoy Swiss cheese, wine, and other desserts. [Glacier Express website]

7. The California Zephyr

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This route allows you to see almost half of the country. It travels about 2,500 miles and lasts a little over two days. You'll ride from Chicago to Emeryville, California. You'll see the Colorado River, the desert in Nevada, and pass through the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The California Zephyr is operated by Amtrak and stands as their longest and most scenic route. [Amtrak - California Zephyr website]

8. The Southwest Chief

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Running a similar route is the Southwest Chief, which stretches from Los Angeles to Chicago. It clocks in at 40 hours, which is a little less than the California Zephyr, and travels 2,256 miles. You'll travel through the Mojave Desert in Arizona, through New Mexico, then up through Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, and, finally, Illinois. [Amtrak - Southwest Chief website]

There are many different scenic train routes to take in all sorts of countries, and these are just a few notable ones. Have you been on any amazing train rides lately?

Author Bio: Joseph Stark Jr. is a freelance writer by day, focusing on technology and web design. Right now Joseph is interested in emerging technologies and tech laws while using wirelessinternet.net. He currently resides in Santiago, Chile flexing his entrepreneurial muscles.

[Source: Amusing Planet. Edited. Links added.]


DALLOL: THE HOTTEST INHABITED PLACE ON EARTH


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Hottest Inhabited Place on Earth: Dallol, Ethiopia
By
Sometimes Interesting, 24 October 2013.

The Afar Region of Africa, named for the people who call it home, encompasses Djibouti, Eritrea, and the northeast corner of Ethiopia. A notable trait of the Afar Triangle is the Danakil Depression, the lowest point in Africa. The territory is one of the hottest on the planet, and features everything from earthquakes and volcanoes to geysers and salt canyons. It is also home to Dallol, a remote mining camp accessible by camel.

The now-abandoned town of Dallol was once a busy site, mining potash, sylvite, and salt during various times throughout its history. When U.S. mining companies were conducting geological surveys in the early 1960s, they recorded the hottest average temperature for an inhabited location on Earth.

Geology

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The town of Dallol was named for the volcanic explosion crater in the Danakil Depression. Part of the Erta Ale Range, the Dallol crater was formed when basaltic magma penetrated Miocene salt deposits; the resulting hydrothermal activity created phreatic eruptions which formed the collapsed volcano. The Dallol crater is one of the lowest known volcanic vents in the world today, 150 feet (45m) below sea level.

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The geological depression of the Afar Region continues even lower, eventually reaching 509 feet (155m) below sea level. The region sits along a fault line, not far from a tectonic triple junction to the south. As a result, the valley is often disturbed by tremors from the plate tectonics.

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Between September and October of 2005, scientists recorded 163 earthquakes greater than 3.9 in magnitude effecting the area. Multiple volcanic eruptions accompanied the earthquakes while the resultant new fissures gargled molten lava. The hot springs in Dallol boast bright colours, a palette of ferrous chloride and iron hydroxide emissions collecting in pools.

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Just to the west of Dallol mountain are the salt canyons, boasting some of the most impressive features of the Danakil. Pillars of salt - a result from erosion - rise up to 130 feet (40m) high. The salt pillars vary in pinkish hues due to the shifting levels of halite and potassium salt deposits over time.

Cruellest Place on Earth

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The trek to Dallol from any direction is long and arduous. The locals refer to the area as “the Gateway to Hell,” and it’s not hard to see why: there are no roads and the landscape of the Danakil Desert makes passage extremely difficult. The journey by camel can take a full day from the nearest population centre.

In the Danakil, the daylight is blinding. The mountains yield to an expansive white flats, seemingly endless in every direction. Press on far enough and a large brown mound protrudes in the distance, the base of the collapsed volcano blurring in the heat.

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Upon approach, the beauty and danger seem to grow in concert. Thin crust covers pools of colourful acid, each taking turns bubbling to the surface through one of countless hot springs.

Geysers spit toxic gases while deposits of sulphur and iron oxide collect in miniature ponds the colour of slime and Listerine. Mineral aggregations reach skyward, a result of the always-active fumaroles.

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The dangers go beyond the brittle crust, acid pools, and sulphur spouts; there is also the threat of “fire wind,” what the natives call the sweltering sandstorms which feel like a tornado in an oven. Another threat are the Afar themselves, nomadic tribesmen known for their ferocity.

The Ethiopian government requires all visitors to the Danakil to hire armed guards, a rule easily understood after hearing the Afar were rumoured to have castrated foreign visitors to their land in the early 20th century. It’s for good reason National Geographic credited this area as being one of the cruellest places on earth.

The Heat

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Dallol sits over 400 feet below sea level and averages less than 200 millimetres of rainfall per year. Not surprisingly it is also unbearably hot, with little fluctuation in temperature throughout the year.

During the early 1960s, an American mining company conducted a geological survey of the Danakil. It was in Dallol the team measured the record average temperature of 96° Fahrenheit (35°C). The daily high will frequently eclipse 115°F (46°C).

Here, the sun isn’t the only source of heat; the unique environment contributes to the calefaction. Conical vents act as natural exhausts of the earth’s gasses. Boiling acid bubbles to the surface through hot springs.

The heat comes from every direction, and it’s a kind of heat the human body isn’t built to handle - but man isn’t alone. Any trip to Dallol will also see the remains of small animals overcome by heat, starvation, or fumes.

Out here, even predators are scarce.

Town Site

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Photo courtesy photovolcanica.com

The Dallol area of the Danakil Desert is rich is potash, a key component of fertilizer. Potash is not particularly rare, but what makes Dallol unique is the salt deposits that reach the earth’s surface, providing easier access with low-tech mining requirements. When this discovery was made in 1906, an Italian company by the name of Compagnia Mineraria Coloniale (CMC) established the first mining operation in Dallol.

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Photos courtesy photovolcanica.com

By April of 1918, the first railway between the new mining site and the Eritrean port of Mersa Fatma was completed. The remote location meant construction would be difficult as materials in the Danakil are scarce. Most of the structures were built from salt blocks, the only building material available.

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Photos courtesy photovolcanica.com

Potash mining would continue in Dallol until after World War I, when overseas suppliers were able to undercut the Ethiopian salt in ease of availability and cost of extraction. In the following decades several attempts to re-open the salt mine were made, but none would last.

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Photo courtesy photovolcanica.com

From 1925-1929 an Italian company ran a sylvite mine out of Dallol. After World War II the British removed most of the railroad, essentially turning the lights out on Dallol forever. Without a rail system to export the mined salt, no organized mining operation could be profitable. A low-tech salt operation in the early 1950s would be the last time Dallol was operated as a mine.

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Photo courtesy photovolcanica.com

A geological survey team’s trip to Dallol in the 1960s was the final attempt at organized mining in the area. The mining infrastructure was rumoured to have been sabotaged after World War II, and most everything of value was evacuated.  Hopes of renewed operations in the years since have failed; if the economics of accessing the remote location weren’t enough of an obstacle, the on-going tensions between Ethiopia and Eritrea have created a hostile environment, further preventing any large-scale mining operation from safely operating.

Dallol Today

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Photo courtesy photovolcanica.com

Unfortunately much of the history of Dallol is forgotten as few records survived. Today the town has long been abandoned, only the remnants of salt-block walls remain (see on google, or bing). Still, the rusted skeletons of long-dead trucks dot the landscape. A boiler from a locomotive sits alone nearby, its host engine long missing. Axles from mining rail cars are strewn about, corroded from years of salt exposure.

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Photo courtesy photovolcanica.com

The area is not completely abandoned as many Afar workers still make the nightly trek to Dallol for the salt, the only abundant natural resource of value. The Afar workers cut the salty crust into square slabs for shipment back to Mek’ele, the closest city centre. A long procession of camels then transports the slabs over 60 miles for processing into salt.

Future attempts to re-establish large-scale potash operations at Dallol are unlikely as long as the worldwide supply is not threatened. It simply isn’t rare or valuable enough for large companies to accept the risk of conducting operations in such a hostile environment.

Sometimes Interesting recommends this quick video on a trip to Dallol:


[Source: Sometimes Interesting. Edited. Some links added.]