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Monday, 1 July 2013

COOLEST SCIENCE STORIES OF THE WEEK XXXI


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Coolest Science Stories of the Week
By
Live Science, 29 June 2013.

Bugs as a meal, a cyborg cockroach and a statue that moves on its own are just a few of the cool stories we found this week.

11. Foot orgasms?

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Credit: Foot photo via Shutterstock

A 55-year-old woman in the Netherlands visited the doctor with an unusual complaint: She experienced unwanted orgasms that started in her foot, according to a new report of her case.

The orgasmic sensations - which occurred in her left foot - were sudden, not brought on by sexual desire or thoughts, and occurred about five to six times a day, the report said. The sensation travelled up her left leg to her vagina, and she said the experience felt exactly like an orgasm achieved during sex.


10. Eat bugs to ease world hunger

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The problem is familiar: How to feed a growing world population. Now, a few people have offered a solution that may sound strange, at least to Western ears: Eat insects.


9. Flea feasted on flying reptiles

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A 125-million-year-old fossil flea has been unearthed in China.

The ancient parasite, described today (June 27) in the journal Current Biology, had a mouth and body smaller than older fleas, but larger than modern-day pests. The new species, Saurophthyrus exquisitus, may be a transitional species that could shed light on why modern-day bloodsucking parasites evolved to become smaller and take dainty, unobtrusive bites.


8. Are warp drives in our future?

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Astrophysicist Eric Davis is one of the leaders in the field of faster-than-light (FTL) space travel. But for Davis, humanity's potential to explore the vastness of space at warp speed is not science fiction.


7. Ancient coins spark treasure hunt

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Can a handful of ancient African coins, discovered almost 70 years ago by a lone soldier on a remote island, rewrite history?

A weathered, hand-drawn map, with an "X" marking the spot on the Australian island where the African coins were discovered, might help an international team of researchers, who will travel to the island this summer, answer that question.


6. 3 Super Earths found

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The habitable zone of a nearby star is filled to the brim with planets that could support alien life, scientists announced today (June 25).

An international team of scientists found a record-breaking three potentially habitable planets around the star Gliese 667C, a star 22 light-years from Earth that is orbited by at least six planets, and possibly as many as seven, researchers said.


5. Plants use quantum physics to survive

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Credit: Quantum mechanics image via agsandrew | Shutterstock

Humans can't teleport or reside in multiple places at once - but the tiniest particles of matter can.

These eerie quantum effects have traditionally been studied and observed only under the strictly controlled conditions of a physics lab. That is, until some scientists suggested that such weirdness also exists in wet and soggy biological systems.


4. Game tech steers cyborg cockroach

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Scientists are harnessing the power of motion-based gaming technology to drive cyborg cockroaches on autopilot, envisioning a future where the intrepid insects could be wired to survey a disaster zone.


3. Woman drinks soda for 16 years!

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Credit: Soda image via Shutterstock

A 31-year old woman's heart problems and fainting might have had something to do with the fact that she drank only soda for about half her life, according to a report of her case.


2. Narcissists outed in brain scans

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People who suffer from narcissistic personality disorder, which is characterized by extreme arrogance and self-absorption, have structural abnormalities in a region of the brain that has been linked to empathy, a new study finds.


1. Egyptian statue moves on its own

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An ancient Egyptian statue appears to have started moving on its own, much to the amazement of scientists and museum curators. The statue of Neb-Senu, believed to date to 1800 B.C., is housed in the Manchester Museum in England - at least for now. But if the statue keeps moving, there's no telling where it will end up.


[Source: Live Science. Edited.]


10 LESSER KNOWN CONSPIRACIES YOU’VE PROBABLY NEVER HEARD OF


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10 Lesser Known Conspiracies You’ve Probably Never Heard Of
By Theodoros II,
Listverse, 1 July 2013.

Some of the most popular conspiracy theories include the Roswell UFO Incident, the September 11 attacks, Area 51, and The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, to the extent that all of them are considered part of pop culture.

But those are just the most famous. Conspiracy Theories are a common psychic phenomenon that have invaded many parts of society. In this list we will examine in depth some of the lesser known conspiracies and hopefully we will make it to see the light at the end of the tunnel….

10. Popish Plot

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The Popish Plot of 1678 was the result of the fertile mind of Titus Oates. In fact, no Popish Plot existed but the circumstances within England at the time resulted in many listening to what Oates had to say. Titus Oates was a renegade who had joined the Church after Cambridge University, but was dismissed from his post for drunken blasphemy. He became the chaplain for a Royal Naval ship, the Adventurer, but he was dismissed from this as well for sodomy.

To get some elevation in society after his fall from grace, it seems that Oates discovered a plot to kill the king - what became known as the “Popish Plot”. This was a plot uncovered by Oates after he managed to infiltrate Jesuits based in London. The plan was to kill the king, Charles II, and replace him with his Catholic brother James. Then thousands of Protestants would be killed in a blood bath.

It was all nonsense - the invention of a fertile if warped mind, but events at the time conspired to assist Oates.

9. Red Mercury

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In the early 1990′s, in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union, several articles were published claiming that a pure fusion device had been invented. It emerged during the trial at the Old Bailey that red mercury was something of an urban myth, a substance which was either radioactive or toxic or neither, depending on who you spoke to.

It reportedly weighed around 10 pounds and was no bigger than a baseball.

If such a device existed, and was capable of triggering a nuclear explosion, the threat to the world - especially the western world - would be catastrophic.

But no such bomb has been discovered and nobody, not even Osama bin Laden from his mountain base in Afghanistan or Pakistan, has even threatened to use one. So is red mercury just a hoax? We definitely hope so.

8. The Two Babylons

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The Two Babylons is an anti-Catholic conspiracy theory based religious pamphlet produced initially by the Scottish theologian and Presbyterian Alexander Hislop in 1853. It was later expanded in 1858 and finally published as a book in 1919. Its central theme is its allegation that the Catholic Church is a veiled continuation of the pagan religion of Babylon, the veiled paganism being the product of a millennia old conspiracy. As Hislop’s sloppy scholarship and poor methodology of proving his case is much more evident today, it would be safe to say that few would believe it in today’s mind-set.

It remains as a testimony of just how little we have changed as a society and how men think in any given time in history. The sad fact does remain that there are still some fundamentalist protestants who believe the work is truth. This is due solely to ignorance, which is actually an unacceptable excuse today, given the available information we have.

7. Mother Teresa: The American 007

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It’s true that Mother Teresa has been virtually untouchable as an almost sacred figure. However, there are a few conspiracy theories regarding Mother Teresa and her life.

One of them suggests that Mother Teresa was actually an American undercover agent working to prevent the Soviets from spreading their influence in India. Her work with the poor provided the perfect cover for slipping messages out to the US, and she succeeded in preventing India from becoming a hotspot during the Cold War. The US, grateful for her work, used their influence with the Vatican to get her beatified. And even though we have a really hard time to believe such theory, at the same time it’s stories like this that make you wonder.

6. The Berwyn Mountain Incident

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In 1958 author Gavin Gibbons wrote By Space Ship to the Moon, a sci-fi book which featured a UFO landing on the Berwyn Mountains in Wales. Sixteen years later, in 1974, those same mountains would again be the focus for a story involving a downed UFO - but this time, some said, the story was 100% real.

The Berwyn Mountain UFO Incident which is also known as “Welsh Roswell”, tells us a story about a UFO crashing on the isolated and sparsely-populated area of moorland in the north-east of Wales, and like at Roswell wreckage and dead alien bodies were secretly recovered by the military soon thereafter.

What separates the Berwyn Mountain incident from other UFO crash stories like Roswell, however, is the immediate reaction of the local residents. To begin with, no one was talking about UFOs and aliens. Locals living in the area thought that a plane had crashed on the mountain and the witnesses reacted by trying to save the lives of any survivors. The police were called in and set up a search team that was later joined by an RAF Mountain Rescue Team. So what really happened up on the Berwyn Mountain? Maybe we will never know.

5. The Dunkelgrafen conspiracy

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In 1807 a strange pair appeared in the small town Hildburghausen: A gentleman called Vavel de Versay and which one held for a count, and a lady only to be seen deeply veiled. Both lived in complete seclusion on the public life, in particular as they moved to the Castle Eishausen in 1810. The pair led a rich household and distinguished itself by great charity in the duchy. The lady died after 30 years of lonesome life in 1837, the gentleman in 1845. On account of their strange life they were called later the “Dark Count” and the “Dark Countess”.

After their death turned out that the “count” was a Dutch diplomat called Leonardus Cornelius van der Valck in reality. As for the mysterious lady, some people believed, she had been the Bourbon princess Marie Thérèse Charlotte, a daughter of king Louis XVI and queen Marie Antoinette of France, called Madame Royale. She should have been substituted by another person in 1795 after her captivity in the Temple prison in Paris. While the wrong princess came as a Duchess of Angoulême into the history, the real king’s daughter should have kept herself hidden in Hildburghausen and Eishausen.

4. Homintern: The gay community takes over

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“All the ‘Artists’ with a capital A, the parlour pinks and the soprano voiced men are banded together,” warned President Harry S. Truman in 1946.

“I am afraid they are a sabotage front for Uncle Joe Stalin.” In the 1971 Watergate tapes, Richard Nixon railed against “homosexuality, dope…immorality in general: These are the enemies of strong societies. That’s why the Communists and the left-wingers are pushing it.”

Homintern“, a play on “comintern”, was an early term for a supposed conspiracy of gay elites who allegedly controlled the art world and aimed to conquer the world as a whole. They are now more often described (from the successors) as a “Gay Mafia”.

To this day however, there’s no evidence that there ever was such thing as “the Homintern”. The only people who ever took this simple play on words seriously were those who feared the spread of homosexual influence.

3. Sikorski’s Death Conspiracy

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General Wadyslaw Sikorski died when his plane crashed off Gibraltar in 1943, but some of the details of the crash remain unclear. This has fuelled some people’s belief that he may have been killed by the Soviet Union or Britain. The results of the medical tests have dealt however a severe blow to the theory that General Sikorski was murdered.

The investigation found that Poland’s wartime hero, who led its government-in-exile, died as a result of multiple organ failure of the kind typically sustained in a plane crash. It found no evidence that he was poisoned, shot or strangled.

A British investigation at the time found that the plane crashed for unknown reasons, perhaps because its controls had jammed. However, historians have since speculated that General Sikorski was murdered on the orders of Joseph Stalin or British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to prevent a split between the allies.

Shortly before he died, General Sikorski had demanded an investigation into the discovery of the bodies of thousands of Polish officers in mass graves in forests near Katyn in the former Soviet Union. Did that have something to do with his sudden death?

2. Die Glocke

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During World War II, Nazi Germany worked on an astounding array of futuristic weapons including heat-seeking missiles, a gigantic 1,000 ton tank, a stealth fighter, and an acoustic cannon. But perhaps the most spectacular and mysterious Nazi super weapon of all was known as Die Glocke.

Die Glocke in German means “The Bell.” The original die Glocke was constructed from metal, and shaped like a bell. The Bell contained two counter-rotating drums and an internal stationary shaft. Prior to operation, a liquid substance code-named “Xerum 525″ was placed into the shaft. Then the entire structure was cryogenically cooled and powered with high-voltage electricity.

When in operation, die Glocke gave off lethal field effects and supposedly killed five scientists during its initial tests. According to Joseph P. Farrell‘s book The Philosophers’ Stone: Alchemy and the Secret Research for Exotic Matter, survivors reported strange recurring symptoms such as “the sensation of ‘pins and needles’ on their skin, of sleeplessness, and a persisting metallic taste in the mouth.”

1. Gavdos: The island of immortality

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A gang of Chernobyl survivor scientists escaped to a remote island to resurrect ancient Greek theories and live forever. It sounds good, doesn’t it?

The official version of the story is that seven Russian scientists who survived Chernobyl migrated to a small God-forsaken island in the southern most point of Europe. They created an ecological house, helped the local people who loved the scientists from the very first moment. Their home is full of inventions. They built homes with whatever the land provided them. They have an underground shelter for relaxation and scientific research. That’s about all they claim.

On the other hand, there are mainly British and American conspiracy theorists that accuse the specific scientists for a series of things, such as that Gavdos is the source of immortality, according to Pythagoras, and this is the main reason the former Soviets went there. There’s also a theory that the Lost City of Atlantis lies under Gavdos, while the most ridiculous of all these theories is the one that suggests Gavdos is the main source of life and natural resources of all planet Earth and the Russians are attempting to control it.

The theory that sounds the most believable, and the only one Russian scientists never denied, is that four of them were in the last phase of cancer cause of radiation from Chernobyl and somehow they were all cured once they got to the island.

Top image: Gavdos Island (source)

[Source: Listverse. Edited. Top image added.]



10 ASTOUNDING ANIMALS OF MASS DESTRUCTION


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10 Astounding Animals of Mass Destruction
By Shar3Mor3,
Ranker, 27 June 2013.

Astounding Animals of Mass Destruction. Real World Weapons of Wildlife and Warfare. Ten insane example of adapting animals to weapons in both life and death situations. As they say, all is fair...

1. Anti Tank Dogs

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Anti-tank dogs (Russian: Собаки-истребители танков or Противотанковые собаки; German: Panzerabwehrhunde or Hundeminen, "dog-mines") were dogs taught to carry explosives to tanks, armoured vehicles and other military targets. Although the original dog training routine was to leave the bomb and retreat so that the bomb would be detonated by the timer, this routine failed and was replaced by the impact detonation procedure which killed the dog in the process.

They were actively trained by the Soviet and Russian military forces in 1930–1996 and used in 1941–1942 against German tanks in World War II. The U.S. military trained anti-tank dogs in 1943 for use against fortifications, but never deployed them. Dogs strapped with explosives were unsuccessfully used by Iraqi insurgents in 2005. [More] [Video]

2. Bat Bombs

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Bat bombs were bomb-shaped casings with numerous compartments, each containing a Mexican Free-tailed Bat with a small timed incendiary bomb attached. Dropped from a bomber at dawn, the casings would deploy a parachute in mid-flight and open to release the bats which would then roost in eaves and attics. The incendiaries would start fires in inaccessible places in the largely wood and paper construction of the Japanese cities that were the weapon's intended target.

Developed by the United States during World War II, the plan was to release bat bombs over Japanese cities having widely-dispersed industrial targets. The bats would spread far from the point of release due to the relatively high altitude of their release, then at dawn they would hide in buildings across the city. Shortly thereafter built-in timers would ignite the bombs, causing widespread fires and chaos. [More] [Video]

3. Cat Bombs

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In World War II, the United States’ OSS (Office of Strategic Services, the precursor of the CIA) needed a way to guide bombs to sink German ships. Somebody hit upon the inspiration that since cats have such a strong disdain of getting wet and always land on their feet that if you attached a cat to a bomb and drop it in the vicinity of a ship, the cat’s instinct to avoid the water would force it to guide the bomb to the enemy’s deck.

It is unclear how the cat was supposed to actually guide a bomb attached to it as it fell from the sky but the plan never got past the testing stages since the cats had a bad habit of becoming unconscious mid-drop. [More here and here]

4. Death Dolphins

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A military dolphin is a cetacean trained for military uses. The United States and Russian militaries have trained and employed oceanic dolphins for several reasons. Such military dolphins have been trained to rescue lost naval swimmers or to locate underwater mines.

The U.S. Navy trains dolphins and sea lions under the U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, which is based in San Diego, California. Military dolphins were used by the U.S. Navy during the First and Second Gulf Wars. About 75 dolphins are in the program.

The Soviet Navy operated a research facility to explore military uses of marine mammals at Kazachya Bukhta, near Sevastopol. The Russian military is believed to have closed its marine mammal program in the early 1990s. In 2000, the press reported that dolphins trained to kill by the Soviet Navy had been sold to Iran.

Due to the secrecy of such practice, rumours of military dolphins include training them to lay underwater mines, to locate enemy combatants, or to seek and destroy submarines using kamikaze methods. There has even been speculation about the potential development of sophisticated equipment, such as poison darts, sonar jamming devices, and so on for dolphins, and about combat between cetaceans of both superpowers.

5. Elephants of War


A war elephant [more here] is an elephant trained and guided by humans for combat. Their main use was to charge the enemy, trampling them and breaking their ranks.

They were probably first employed in India, the practice spreading out across South-East Asia and westwards into the Mediterranean. Their most famous use in the West was by the Greek general Pyrrhus of Epirus and in great numbers by the armies of Carthage, especially under Hannibal.

In the Mediterranean, improved tactics reduced the value of the elephant in battle, while their availability in the wild also decreased. In the east, where supplies of animals were greater and the terrain ideal, it was the advent of cannon that finally concluded the use of the combat elephant at the end of the 19th century, limiting them thereafter to engineering and labour roles.

6. Land Mine Retrieval Rodents

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A Belgian company, APOPO, trains Gambian pouched rats to sniff out land mines.

APOPO, a non-profit organization, trains African Giant Pouched Rats, also known as giant pouched rats or Gambian pouched rats (genus Cricetomys), to detect land mines.

Bart Weetens, a Belgian national, founded APOPO to provide a low-technology solution to the global landmine problem. [APOPO website] ]Video]

7. Orcas of War

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In a project, called Deep Ops, a pilot whale and two killer whales demonstrated their ability to recover objects from greater depths. The recovery device the whales attached to the target object, a dummy torpedo containing an acoustic beacon, incorporated a hydrazine gas generator which was activated upon attachment of the device to the torpedo. The generated gas filled a large lift bag which raised the torpedo to the surface.

The picture shows an orca named "Ahab" enlisted in the navy working off the coast of Hawaii. Ahab [more photos here] was one of two orcas working in the navy in Hawaii retrieving decoy torpedoes on the ocean floor. The other orca named Ishmael swam off when they were brought out to the open ocean and he never returned.

Ahab was captured in 1968 in October off the coast of Washington. He was a member of either J or L pod. He died in 1974 after a short life of only 5½ years in captivity.

8. Pigeon Guided Missile

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During World War II, Project Pigeon (later Project Orcon, for "organic control") was American behaviourist B. F. Skinner's attempt to develop a pigeon-guided missile. The control system involved a lens at the front of the missile projecting an image of the target to a screen inside, while a pigeon trained (by operant conditioning) to recognize the target pecked at it. As long as the pecks remained in the centre of the screen, the missile would fly straight, but pecks off-centre would cause the screen to tilt, which would then, via a connection to the missile's flight controls, cause the missile to change course.

Although sceptical of the idea, the National Defense Research Committee nevertheless contributed US$25,000 to the research. The program was cancelled on October 8, 1944, because the military believed that "further prosecution of this project would seriously delay others which in the minds of the Division have more immediate promise of combat application." Project Pigeon was revived by the Navy in 1948 as "Project Orcon"; it was cancelled in 1953 when electronic guidance systems' reliability was proven. [Video]

9. Rat Bomb Booby Traps

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Dead rats were prepared for use by the British Special Operations Executive in World War II against Germany. Rat carcasses were filled with plastic explosives, to be left in locations such as factories where, it was hoped, the stoker tending a boiler would likely dispose of the unpleasant discovery by shovelling it into the furnace, causing it to explode.

The rats contained only a small amount of explosive; however, a puncture of a high-pressure boiler could trigger a devastating boiler explosion. [More]

10. War Pigs

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War pigs are pigs said to have been used - at most, rarely - in ancient warfare as a countermeasure to war elephants. Pliny the Elder reported that "elephants are scared by the smallest squeal of the hog". The Romans would later use the squeals of pigs to frighten Pyrrhus' elephants. Procopius, in book VIII of his History of the Wars, records the defenders of Edessa using a pig suspended from the walls to frighten away Khosrau's siege elephants.

While the above use of pigs in war is plausible, another historical reference - incendiary pigs or fire pigs - is much less so. Aelian reported that Antipater's siege of Megara during the Wars of the Diadochi was broken when the Megarians poured oil on a herd of pigs, set them alight, and drove them towards the enemy's massed war elephants. The elephants bolted in terror from the flaming squealing pigs often killing great numbers of the army the elephant was part of.

Top image: Bat-bomb canister used to house the hibernating bats. Credit: United States Army Air Forces/Wikimedia Commons.

[Source: Ranker. Edited. Top image and links added.]

Related Post: 11 Jaw-dropping Weapons From World War II You Probably Never Heard Of


Sunday, 30 June 2013

VIDEO: THE JAW-DROPPING BEAD-CHAIN EXPERIMENT


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This is the bead-chain experiment. It's about to melt your brain.
By Robert T. Gonzalez,
io9, 27 June 2013.

Inside this beaker is a 50-meter-long string of 8,000 beads. Watch what happens when you toss one end of the string out of the beaker. Prepare yourself - this is pretty wild.

As you've no doubt noticed, the result is a levitating, single-file stream of beads that buckles, loops and coils in a self-propelled bid to escape its container. It's mesmerizing. In the video, the folks at Earth Unplugged meet up with BBC's Steve Mould to explore the secret to these self-siphoning beads (aka "Newton's Beads"), with the help of some super slow-motion footage.

Mould explains at around the 2-minute mark:

This is the bead-chain experiment. It's about to melt your brain.
Look at it as a sort of tug-of-war. You can see the outer chain is going to be travelling really quickly as it falls, which means the inner chain is going to be travelling really quickly, as well. And if you've got something traveling really quickly, it's got momentum... So you've got the inner chain traveling up, but it wants to change so it's traveling down, but it can't do that in an instant, because that would require infinite force.
Instead what it does is it changes direction slowly over the course of a loop, so that's why it almost has to be a loop, because it needs that time and it needs that space to change directions.
So why do you get different loops and waves and coils? Watch the video below to find out.


Top image screen-grab from video.

[Source: io9. Edited. Top image added.]


10 CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE SOLAR FURNITURE


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10 Creative and Innovative Solar Furniture
By
Crooked Brains, 27 June 2013.

Collection of 'Cool and Innovative Solar Furniture' from all over the world.

1. Solar Lounge Chair

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This solar-powered lounge chair, called SOFT Rockers, recharges your gadgets while relaxing outdoors. [More] [Video]

2. Solar Table

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The Solar Table, called the Sun Table, is designed by Devang A. Shah and Mike Low. Using its solar panels, it stores the energy and powers your laptops, smartphones, lights, radios, water purifiers, and more. And with the included inverter, you have a regular wall outlet.

3. Powerbrella

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The Powerbrella, a solar-powered umbrella, recharges your laptops, smartphones, iPods or any other portable device that might be used for relaxing or working outdoors. [Video]

4. Solar Powered Executive Table

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The Solar Powered Executive Table is an executive table that has smooth plastic surface solar panels placed into the steel table frames; it can power up or recharge your gadgets.

5. Spectra - Solar Powered Outdoor Furniture

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The design team of San Jose and San Jose State University collaborated to improve the cityscape with modern and functional furniture which is sustainable too; and came up with Spectra solar powered outdoor furniture that reacts to your touch. [More]

6. SOLo Lounge Table

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The solar powered SOLo lounge table by iF features recharging connectivity for many electronic devices such as laptops and portable media devices, and many more. It uses Bluetooth technology to collect, distribute and exhibit information.

7. Solar-Powered Park Bench

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This solar-powered park bench is designed to be made from used aluminium and plastic. This outdoor furniture comes with solar panels installed to generate energy to power an embedded wi-fi unit and lights for evening use.

8. Solar Furniture by Afroditi Krassa

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This table can be placed in garden or outdoor space; its surface is covered with highly efficient solar panels that collects solar energy.

9. Solar Powered Outdoor Workspace

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This Solar Powered Outdoor Workspace by Mathias Schnyder is an integrated table with chairs and comes with solar roof; and provides power via an outlet in the table's centre.

10. Foton - Solar Furniture

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Hanmak has come up with Foton, an illuminating furniture that uses solar energy to power up.

Top image: Solar Lounge Chair (source)

[Source: Crooked Brains. Edited. Top image and some links added.]