5 Animals Who Were The Last Of Their Species
By Katie Notopoulos, Buzz Feed, 23 May 2012.
There's plenty of species that have become extinct in the last century. Here's 5 species where the last survivor (called an “endling”) was given a human name by scientists and zookeepers who attempted to care for them.
1. "Incas", the last Carolina Parakeet
We think of parrots as living in the tropics, but at one time North America had its own native parrot species, the Carolina Parakeet, that lived as far north as Ohio.
Several factors including habitat loss, hunting from farmers who wanted to keep them away from crops, and their desirable feathers for ladies' hats at the time led to the parakeet's demise.
The last parakeet, Incas, died in 1918 in the Cincinnati Zoo, in the same cage that Martha the passenger pigeon had died in 4 years earlier. Incas's mate, Lady Jane, died just before, and the speculation was that Incas died of a broken heart.
Although the Carolina parakeet was the only parrot species native to North America, escaped pet Monk Parakeets from South America have flourished in pockets of the U.S. where the Carolina parakeet used to live, including New York City.
[More information: 1. Carolina Parakeet; 2. Carolina Parakeet by Wikipedia; 3. Conuropsis carolinensis (Carolina Parakeet).]
2. "Martha", the last Passenger Pigeon
Passenger pigeons were once so plentiful in the U.S. that they were described as blackening the sky when they flew in massive flocks overhead, blocking the sun and taking several hours for the flow to pass. It's estimated there were as many as 5 billion passenger pigeons when Europeans first settled in North America. In Michigan in 1878, one of the last large flocks made their nests, and approximately 50,000 birds were killed every day for 5 months straight.
Hunted for food to the brink of extinction, the last documented wild pigeon was shot by a boy in Ohio with a BB gun in 1900. The last pigeon in captivity, named Martha, died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1914.
[More information: 1. The Passenger Pigeon; 2. Martha (passenger pigeon); 3. Ode to Martha, the last passenger pigeon.]
3. "Booming Ben", the last Heath Hen
Heath Hens are technically a subspecies of the Greater Prairie Chicken. Conservation efforts were made, but experienced several unfortunate setbacks - fires in the wildlife preserve, birds being hit by cars, and an unfortunately misinterpretation by New York State lawmakers regarding a bill introduced to protect it. The bill called for the protection of "Heath-Hen and other game", but it was misread to call for the protection of "heathens", i.e. Native Americans.
The last Heath Hen lived as likely the last of his kind for several years, and died in the wild on Martha's Vineyard in 1932.
[More information: 1. Heath Hen; 2. Features of Museum Heath Hens; 3. Obscuring the heath hen: memory and the nature of memorials.]
4. "Benjamin", the last Tasmanian Tiger (Thylacine)
The Tasmania tiger looked like a dog, but was actually a marsupial that was hunted to extinction by farmers who believed it was killing their sheep. Though it once lived in Australia, by the time European settlers were living there it was only in the island of Tasmania.
The last thylacine lived in the Hobart Zoo, and died in 1933 after being accidentally locked out of its sleeping quarters during a particularly cold night. Because it lived until the '30s, there's haunting film footage of Benjamin (who may have actually been female) pacing around his cage.
Rumours of thylacine sightings in Tasmania have continued up until today, but scientists have found no evidence of any still living.
[More information: 1. Benjamin - The Last Captive Thylacine; 2. Benjamin The Last Tasmanian Tiger; 3. Thylacine.]
5. "Lonesome George", the last (and still living!) Pinta Island Tortoise
George is the last known of the Pinta Island tortoise, one of several subspecies of the Galapagos tortoise. He's estimated to be around years old, and Galapogos tortoises have been known to be as old as 170. Since there's no more females, his subspecies is "functionally extinct".
Zookeepers have been trying to get George to mate with females from other subspecies, but tortoise sex isn't easy. A few years ago, he mated with a female, but the eggs didn't hatch.
Hope still remains that he might be able to breed, and that a hybrid of his subspecies could survive.
[More information: 1. Chelonoidis nigra abingdoni (Pinta Island tortoise); 2. Last Known Galápagos Tortoise Seeks Soul Mate, With Little Success; 3. The Ballad of Lonesome George, The Galapagos' Most Famous Tortoise.]
Top image: Lonesome George, the last living Pinta Island tortoise (left) and Martha, the last Passenger Pigeon (right)
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