Alizul: ANCIENT LONG-LOST CONTINENT DISCOVERED BENEATH INDIAN OCEAN

Tuesday, 26 February 2013

ANCIENT LONG-LOST CONTINENT DISCOVERED BENEATH INDIAN OCEAN

This discovery is bound to raise more theories (and alternative ones) about the fabled lost continent of Atlantis. But judging from news below and elsewhere, we would still be a long way from the discovering the truth.

Long lost continent discovered beneath the Indian Ocean
By Robert T. Gonzalez, io9, 25 February 2013.

For ages now, Mauritia has been hiding. The small, precambrian continent once resided between Madagascar and India, before splitting off and disappearing beneath the ocean waves in a multi-million-year breakup spurred by tectonic rifts and a yawning sea-floor. But now, volcanic activity has driven remnants of the long-lost continent right through to the Earth's surface. After millions of years, and some incredible geologic sleuthing, it seems Mauritia has been found.

The news comes from a team of researchers led by University of Oslo geologist Bjørn Jamtveit. In the latest issue of Nature Geoscience Jamtveit and his colleagues present the result of a study that examined the beaches of Mauritius, a volcanic island off the coast of Madagascar (pictured up top). The lava sands of Mauritius are laced with very interesting particles called - and this is probably the coolest scientific term I've come across in weeks - "zircon xenocrysts."

The vast majority of Mauritius's volcanic lava sands date to around 9 million years ago. But a grain-by-grain analysis revealed the sparsely distributed xenocrysts to be anywhere from 660 million to 1.97 billion years old. A strange find, to be sure, but Jamtveit and his colleagues have a compelling explanation for the anachronistic crystals.

The zircons, write the researchers, likely originated in fragments of ancient continental crust situated beneath Mauritius, and were in fact pushed up through to the planet's surface through volcanic activity. How far were they pushed? Geologist Trond Torsvik, first author on the paper, told the BBC he thinks pieces of long-lost Mauritia are likely situated 10km beneath the island and a chunk of the Indian Ocean. Analyses of Earth's gravitational field corroborate his claims, revealing several regions of the sea floor where the crust is significantly thicker than normal (around 30 kilometres thick, where it should be closer to 5 or 10).

Land on Earth was once gathered together in a supercontinent known as Rodinia [where Mauritia is located], shown here as it was during its break-up 750 million years ago. Now scientists believe they have found a fragment of it buried under the Indian Ocean. Image/caption via BBC.

Torsvik says the researchers will need seismic data to image the seafloor structures more accurately - either that, or deep drilling. But a 2-billion-year old zircon xenocryst on a beach covered in 9-million-year-old volcanic sands is a hell of a geological riddle, and right now, fragments of an ancient precambrian microcontinent, coaxed surfaceward particle-wise by volcanism, seem a rather compelling explanation. Then again, they are called zircon xenocrystals. So aliens and time travel seem as good an explanation as any, right?

This map shows the thickness of the crust around the Mauritius and Reunion Island region. The circled numbers note how many millions of years ago the mantle plume there was beneath or near the Indian and African tectonic plates. Image/caption via Live Science.

The coloured track (left colour scale) west of Reunion is the calculated movement of the Reunion hotspot. The black lines with yellow circles and the red circle indicate the corresponding calculated track on the African plate and the Indian plate, respectively. The numbers in the circles are ages in millions of years. The areas with topography just below the sea surface are now regarded as continental fragments. Image/caption via Daily Mail.